The Succession of the Prophet (PBUH) in Qur'anic and Prophetic Texts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v5i50.792Keywords:
Imamate, major tasks, divine methodology, unity of the nation, leadership of the nation.Abstract
The issue of Imamate, the transfer of authority, and its legitimacy has formed the core of the disagreement among Muslims. The available political evidence confirms that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) did not neglect this matter, nor was it absent from his concerns since the beginning of the Islamic mission. He was fully aware of the gravity of this issue and its impact on the future of the Muslim community. Therefore, he was keen to emphasize and lay the foundations for it from the earliest stages of the mission, in order to establish a precedent for the future. That precedent is: the leadership of the Muslim nation can only be determined through divine appointment, which ensures that the nation is led according to the same methodology as during the Prophet’s time. The Prophet (PBUH) embodied this principle through numerous indications affirming his will that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) should succeed him in leadership—an appointment he formally enacted at the event of Ghadir Khumm.
This divine establishment was manifested in numerous occasions and actions taken by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which were neither spontaneous nor emotional, but rather deliberate and purposeful to affirm the principle of Imamate as a continuation of Prophethood in leading the Muslim nation. One of the most prominent of these events was the incident of Ghadir Khumm, where the Prophet (PBUH) stood before a large gathering of Muslims on his return from the Farewell Pilgrimage, raised the hand of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), and declared: "Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master." This was a clear and explicit proclamation of Imam Ali’s authority over the Muslims after the Prophet, and those present pledged allegiance to him on that day—making it a divinely sanctioned and publicly declared appointment.
The signs of this divine appointment were not limited to Ghadir Khumm alone; they were preceded by multiple indications, such as the Hadith of the House (Hadith al-Dar), the Prophet’s actions during battles, and his consistent entrusting of Imam Ali (PBUH) with major responsibilities. These all point to the fact that leadership was not a matter of personal interpretation or political circumstance, but rather an integral part of the divine plan to ensure the continuity of the message and preserve the unity of the Muslim nation from division and fragmentation.
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Theses and Dissertations:
141. Abu Sittah, Abdulrahman Salim Ahmad
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